PVC热稳定性的研究.docVIP

PVC热稳定剂的研究 摘要：聚氯乙烯(PVC)是产量仅次于聚乙烯(PE)的第二大通用塑料，具有强度高且可增塑、耐腐蚀、难燃、绝缘性好、透明性高等优点，通过加入适当的添加剂和使用适当的工艺和设备可生产出各式各样的塑料制品，包括板材、管材、管件、异型材等硬制品和膜、管、鞋、玩具、电缆料、人造革等软制品，广泛应用于工业建筑、农业、日用品、包装、电力、公用事业等领域。但是聚氯乙烯及氯化石蜡等有机卤代物，由于其本身的结构缺陷，在受热使用过程中，会发生分解反应，产生卤化氢，导致卤代物的破坏和加工设备的损坏等严重后果，因此卤代物在受热使用过程中必须添加热稳定剂，以防止卤化氢及进一步的不利结果产生。因此，热稳定剂是PVC加工的必须添加剂。 关键词：热稳定剂 ；聚氯乙烯（PVC）；钙锌热稳定剂；稀土热稳定剂；有机热稳定剂 Abstract：Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is output second only to polyethylene (PE) of the second general plastics and has the advantages of high strength and plasticizing and corrosion resistant, flame retardant, good insulation, high transparency and advantages, by adding proper additive and using appropriate technology and equipment can produce various kinds of plastic products, including rigid sheet, pipe, pipe, profile, etc. products and films, tubes, shoes, toys, cable materials, artificial leather, soft - ware, widely used in industrial construction, agriculture, daily necessities, packaging, electric power, public utilities and other fields. But polyvinyl chloride and chlorinated paraffin, organic halogen substitute, because of its own structural defects, heat in the use process, decomposition reactions occur, generate hydrogen halides, resulting in halides destruction and processing equipment damage and other serious consequences, so halogenated compounds in heated using a process must be added to the heat stabilizer, to prevent the generation of hydrogen halide and further adverse results. Therefore, the heat stabilizer is the PVC process must be additive. Key words：polyvinyl chloride；heat stabilizer I calcium／zinc stabilizer；rare earth stabilizer； organic stabilizer 正文：聚氯乙烯(PVC)是世界第三大通用塑料，产量仅次于聚乙烯(PE)和聚丙烯(PP)。PVC价格低廉，具有耐腐蚀、耐老化、力学性能优良、电绝缘性好以及阻燃等优点，其制品广泛应用于建筑、化工、电器等行业。但PVC分子结构中含有支化点、双键和引发剂残基等不稳定因素，在受热和氧作用下极易分解，尤其在高温下分解加剧，放出大量的氯化氢，颜色加深，力学性能降低。甚至瞬间炭化直至失去使用价值。因此PVC加工时必须使用热稳定剂。传统的PVC热稳定剂有：铅盐类热稳定剂、有机锡类热稳定剂、有机锑类热稳定剂和金属皂类热稳定剂。铅盐类热稳定剂虽具有优良的热稳定性能，但毒性大，危害人体健康，在国内外一些领域已被逐步禁止或限制使用。有机锡类稳定剂广泛应用于透明PVC制品生产，但价格较昂贵，产品有异味，同时对人体