第2章 管理与会：外部环境、社会责任和伦理.docVIP

Chapter 2 management and society: the External Environment, Social Responsibility, and Ethics The Organization and Its External Environment Operating in a pluralistic society Managers in the U.S. operate in a pluralistic society, in which many organized groups represent various interests Each group has an impact on other groups, but no one group exerts an inordinate amount of power. Many groups exert some power over business The technological environment One of the most pervasive factors in the external environment is technology. The term technology refers to the sum total of the knowledge we have of ways to do things. It influences the way of doing things(such as designing, producing, distributing and services). It requires rethinking of centralization versus decentralization. Hierarchy versus empowerment. The ecological environment Ecology means the relationship of people and other living things and their environment such as soil, water, and air. ?Land may be polluted by industrial waste such as packaging ?Water pollution may be caused, for example, by hazardous waste and sewer systems ?Air pollution can be caused by acid rain, auto exhaust fumes, carcinogens from manufacturing processes, and other causes The “Greening” Of Management Definition: recognition of the close link between an organization’s decisions and activities and its impact on the natural environment Resulted from highly visible ecological problems and environmental disasters ISO14001standard--to assure that company address concerns like pollution preventions The social responsibility of managers Corporate social responsibility is “seriously considering the impact of the companys actions on society” Social responsiveness is the ability of a corporation to relate its operations and policies to the social environment in ways that are mutually beneficial to the company and to society” Arguments for and against social involvement of business Reaction or proaction? (The managers