映射和集合类型.doc

映射和集合类型 Mapping and Set Types 映射和集合类型 Chapter Topics Mapping Type: Dictionaries Operators Built-in Functions Built-in Methods Dictionary Keys Set Types Operators Built-in Functions Built-in Methods Related Modules 7 *本章主题 * 映射类型: 字典 * 操作符 * 内建函数 * 内建方法 * 字典的键 * 集合类型 * 操作符 * 内建函数 * 内建方法 * 相关模块 第七章 in this chapter, we take a look at Python’s mapping and set types. As in earlier chapters, an introduction is followed by a discussion of the applicable operators and factory and built-in functions (BIFs) and methods. We then go into more specific usage of each data type. 本章中，我们来讨论Python语言中的映射类型和集合类型。和前面的章节一样，我们首先做一个介绍，然后在来讨论可用操作符，工厂函数、内建函数(BIF)和方法。然后我们再来看看每种数据类型的详细用法。 7.1 Mapping Type: Dictionaries 映射类型：字典 Dictionaries are the sole mapping type in Python. Mapping objects have a one-to-many correspondence between hashable values (keys) and the objects they represent (values). They are similar to Perl hashes and can be generally considered as mutable hash tables. A dictionary object itself is mutable and is yet another container type that can store any number of Python objects, including other container types. What makes dictionaries different from sequence type containers like lists and tuples is the way the data are stored and accessed. Sequence types use numeric keys only (numbered sequentially as indexed offsets from the beginning of the sequence). Mapping types may use most other object types as keys; strings are the most common. Unlike sequence type keys, mapping keys are often, if not directly, associated with the data value that is stored. But because we are no longer using “sequentially ordered” keys with mapping types, we are left with an unordered collection of data. 字典是Python语言中唯一的映射类型。映射类型对象里哈希值(键) 和指向的对象(值)是一对多的关系。 它们与Perl中的哈希类型(译者注：又称关联数组)相似，通常被认为是可变的哈希表。一个字典对象是可变的，它是一个容器类型，能存储任意个数的Python对象，其中也包括其他容器类型。字典类型和序列类型容器类(列表、元组)的区别是存储和访问数据的方式不同。序列类型只用数字类型的键(从序列的开始起按数值顺序索引)。映射类型可以用其他对象类型做键；一般最常见的是用字符串做键(keys)。和序列类型的键不同，映射类型的键