Managing Change, Stress, and Innovation.pptVIP

Chapter 7 Managing Change, Stress, and Innovation 管理變革、壓力、及創 新 True or false? If you always do what you’ve always done, you’ll always get what you’ve always gotten. 變革三定理 改變不見得成功 不改變絕對失敗 唯有妥善的規畫與管理才能確保變革成功 What Is Change? Change An alteration of an organization’s environment, structure, technology, or people組織環境、結構、技術或人員的變遷 A constant force An organizational reality An opportunity or a threat Change agent變革經理人 A person who initiates and assumes the responsibility for managing a change in an organization Types of Change Types of Change (Cont’d) 思考這個試驗的結果 如果將一隻蜜蜂和一隻蒼蠅放進一個玻璃瓶中，然後將玻璃瓶平放，瓶底朝向較光的窗口，再打開瓶蓋，你猜會怎樣？何者會逃出？ 冒險 試錯 即興發揮 隨機應變 迂迴前進 Three Categories of Change Forces For Change External forces外在力量 Marketplace competition Government laws and regulations New technologies Labor market shifts Cycles in the economy Social change Internal forces Strategy modifications New equipment New processes Workforce composition Restructured jobs Compensation and benefits Labor surpluses and shortages Employee attitudes Two Views Of The Change Process “Calm waters”靜海揚帆 metaphor A description of traditional practices in and theories about organizations that likens the organization to a large ship making a predictable trip across a calm sea and experiencing an occasional storm “White-water rapids”急流泛舟metaphor A description of the organization as a small raft navigating a raging river Change in “Calm Waters” Kurt Lewin’s Three-Step Process Unfreezing解凍現狀 The driving forces, which direct behavior away from the status quo, can be increased. The restraining forces, which hinder movement from the existing equilibrium, can be decreased. The two approaches can be combined. Implementation of change執行改變 Refreezing凍結變革 The Change Process Change In “White-water Rapids” Change is constant in a dynamic environment. The only certainty is continuing uncertainty. Competitive advantages do not last. Managers must quickly and properly react to unexpected events. Be alert to problems and opportunities