虾类营养chi222分解.ppt

Shrimp Nutrient Requirements and feeding management虾的营养需求和饲养管理 Jacques Gabaudan, VMA 葛博顿 博士 Nutritional characteristics of L. Vannamei南美白对虾的营养特征 Omnivorous feeding behavior; active detritivore; forager, but not as aggressive as stylirostris. Diurnal and nocturnal feeding behavior 白天和夜间喂食习惯 Low protein requirements in juvenile and sub-adult phases (18-20% in the lab; 25-35% in the field) 幼虾和小虾阶段对蛋白需求低（实验室18-20%，野外25-35%） Feed conversions generally 1.0 – 1.4 under ideal conditions 在理想状态下FCR通常为1.0-1.4 Protein amino acids 蛋白质和氨基酸Digestive enzymes 消化酶 Main digestive enzymes similar to stomachless fish no pepsin 无胃蛋白酶 trypsin 胰岛素 chymotrypsin 胰凝乳蛋白酶 astacin (not in vertabrates) 虾红素 carboxypeptidases 羧肽酶 Protease activity increases with dietary protein level 蛋白酶活动性随着饲料蛋白水平的上升而增加 Protein amino acids 蛋白质和氨基酸Apparent digestibility of proteins 蛋白质的表观消化率 CP digestibility in shrimps is at least as high as in fish CP digestibility of animal (marine) sources vegetable sources This is due to ? cell wall components (fiber) ? antinutritional factors (antitrypsin factor, phytates, gossypol, etc…) Few data available for farmed species. When not available, fish data should be considered as reasonable estimates 养殖品种蛋白消化率的数据很少。在鱼中的有关数据可以合理估计 Protein amino acids蛋白质和氨基酸Apparent protein digestibility, Asian seabass Protein amino acids蛋白质和氨基酸Protein sources for L. vanamei Fish meal seem to have lower nutritional value for shrimp than for fish Wheat gluten higly digestible but limiting in Lys, Met and Arg Soybean meal good source of protein. Inclusion levels can range from 20 to 50% and thus can replace part of the FM. Palatability of feed might decrease as SBM increases. Cottonseed meal is relatively palatable to P. vannamei but inclusion level 25% (or 1’100 ppm free gossypol). CSM is low in Lys and Met Poultry by-product meal could replace up to 66%