煤焦油加工技术论文1.doc

摘 要 煤焦油是煤炭干馏时生成的具有刺激性臭味的黑色或黑褐色粘稠状液体，简称焦油。常温下煤焦油是一种黑色粘稠液体，炼焦生产的高温煤焦油密度较高，为1.160～1.220g/cm3 。低温煤焦油也是黑色粘稠液体，其不同于高温煤焦油的是相对密度通常小于1.0，芳烃含量少,烷烃含量大，其组成与原料煤质有关。 煤焦油是炼焦化工的大宗产品，由于世界石油化工价格居高不下，用低温煤焦油生产动力油和其他产品的利润空间空前增大，在提供多环芳烃和高碳物料原料方面具有不可取代的作用。这给生产低温煤焦油加工技术带来了很好的发展。煤焦油是一种碳氢化合物的复杂混合物，大部分为价值较高的稀有种类，是石油化工难以获得的宝贵资源。煤焦油作为一种基础资源，各国均把本国煤焦油作为重要资源加以保护。 关 键 词：低温煤焦油 工艺流程 产品用途 发展前景 Abstract Low temperature coal tar is a black viscous liquid is a by-product of low-temperature carbonization of coal production of coke, coal gas, composition is very complicated, especially phenolic compounds accounted for a large proportion of. It is different from the high temperature coal tar is usually the relative density of less than 1, less aromatic content,paraffin content,its components and raw materials related to coal. Coal tar is coking chemical products, because the chemical oil price in international high, with low temperature coal tar production power oil and other products profit space has increased greatly, it has an irreplaceable role in providing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and carbon materials raw materials. This has brought the very good development for the production of low temperature coal tar processing technology. Coal tar is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, most of rare species of higher value, is a valuable resource in petroleum chemical industry is difficult to get. Coal tar as a fundamental resource, all the countries take their coal tar as an important resource to be protected. Key words: low temperature coal tar oil chemical products use development prospects  目 录 1. 低温煤焦油的化学组成及性质 1 1.1低温煤焦油简介 2 1.2低温煤焦油的性质 3 3. 低温煤焦油加工前的预处理 4 3.1脱水处理 4 3.1.1加热静止脱水法 4 3.1.2加压脱水法 4 3.1.3机械脱水法 4 4.低温煤焦油的加工利用 5 5. 低温煤焦油产品 5 5.1粗酚 6 5.2柴油 8 5.3渣油 10 5.4沥青 10 5.5沥青的改质工艺 11 6、低温煤焦油的简易加工工艺 11 6.1原料和催化剂. 11 6.2催化剂的硫化和实验过程. 12 6.3煤焦油的加氢..............................................................12 7. 煤焦油加工现状分析 13 8. 职业危害及其预防 15 8.1苯的毒性及其预防 15 8.2萘的毒