OurbestmeasurementsfromEarthindicatethatthestar.ppt

Our best measurements from Earth indicate that the star system Alpha Centauri is 4.2 lightyears away. Suppose some of our astronauts traveled there at a speed v = 0.95 c. What would the astronauts measure as the distance to Alpha Centauri? 4.01 lightyears 2.74 lightyears 1.91 lightyears 1.31 lightyears In a typical color television tube, the electrons are accelerated through a potential difference of 25,000 volts. What speed do the electrons have when they strike the screen? (qe = 1.6 x 10-19 C, me = 9.1 x 10-31 kg, and c = 3 x 108 m/s) v = 0.15 c v = 0.30 c v = 0.45 c v = 0.60 c Muons at speed 0.9994 c are sent round and round a circular storage ring of radius 500 m. If a muon at rest decays into other particles after T = 2.2 x 10-6 s, how many trips around the storage ring do we expect the 0.9994 c muons to make before they decay? 0.2 2 4 6 If astronauts could travel at v = 0.95 c, we on Earth would say it takes (4.2/0.95) = 4.4 years to reach Alpha Centauri, 4.2 light years away. The astronauts disagree. How much time passes on the astronauts clocks? 1.38 years 1.91 years 2.42 years 3.01 years A muon formed high in Earths atmosphere travels at a speed 0.99 c for a distance (as we see it) of 4.6 km before it decays. How far does the muon travel as measured in its frame? 4554 m 2596 m 1298 m 649 m The power output of the sun is 3.7 x 1026 W. How much matter is converted into energy in the sun every second? 4.1 x 109 kg/s 6.3 x 108 kg/s 7.4 x 107 kg/s 3.7 x 106 kg/s A cube of steel has a volume of 1 cm 3 and a mass of 8 g when at rest on Earth. If this cube is now given a velocity of 0.9 c, what is its density as measured by a stationary observer? 16 g/cm3 24 g/cm3 34 g/cm3 42 g/cm3 At what speed would a clock have to be moving in order to run at a rate that is one-half the rate of a clock at rest? 0.67 c 0.75 c 0.87 c 0.95 c A spaceship of mass 106 kg is to be accelerated to 0.6 c. How much energy does this require? 1.13 x 1022 J 2.25 x 1022 J 3.38 x 1022 J 4.43