热力学-可再生能源探索.ppt

Selection of the working fluidOptimal characteristics High thermodynamic performance Positive or isentropic saturation vapor curve High vapor density and low volume ratio Acceptable pressures High stability temperature Good availability and low cost Low environmental impact and high safety level (ODP, GWP, etc.) Selection of the expansion machine and pumpExpansion machines Volumetric expanders Turbomachines Scroll Screw Reciprocating Axial Radial Selection of the expansion machine and pumpexpansion machine Screw expander For each fluid, a type of machine is restricted by an operating map Each expansion machine technology is adapted to a power range 一、热力学概述和基本概念（2学时） 二、热力学基本定律（2学时） 三、郎肯循环与ORC（2学时） 四、斯特林循环与太阳能发电（1学时） 五、热电冷多联供热力循环（1学时） 热力学基础主要内容 4.1斯特林发动机的工作原理 热气机(Stirling Engine)是一种由外部供热使气体在不同温度下作周期性压缩和膨胀的闭式循环往复式发动机，由苏格兰牧师Robert Stirling在十九世纪初发明，所以又称斯特林发动机。 External heat source （any heat source is valid, as long as it produces enough heat to expand the fluid） Closed cycle（the working fluid never leaves the system） First developed in 1816 by Reverend Dr. Robert Stirling After development, had little use until the mid 1900’s, when it became more common Used today in many applications, primarily green energy, since the heat source can be anything (geothermal, solar, etc.) 斯特林发动机不是通过燃料在气缸内部瞬间升到很高的温度和压力进行爆震去推动活塞，而是依靠外部的热源对其热膨胀气缸持续传热，由机器内部不断升温升压的工质去推动活塞做功，因此在工作时较内燃机要平稳，而且噪音要小很多。 工作原理 过程a-b:定温压缩Isothermal compression 过程b-c：定容加热 Constant-volume heating 过程c-d：定温膨胀 Isothermal expansion 过程d-a定容放热 Constant-volume cooling 动力活塞 位移活塞 斯特林循环的热效率 理想斯特林循环是 概括性卡诺循环！ Real Stirling engines can reach 50 percent of the maximum theoretical value. That is an incredibly high percentage! 4.2不同类型的斯特林发动机 斯特林发动机类型 Single Cylinder Stirling Engine /stirling.shtml Two Cylinder Stirling Engine /vstirling.shtml Displacer Type:The displacer type Stirling engine is shown here. The space below the displacer piston is continuously heated by a heat source. The space above the displacer piston i