2陈文志英文翻译new.doc

Tianjin University of Technology and Education 二十一世纪的社会保障 SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY 专 业： 劳动月社会保障 班级学号： 0801 – 03 学生姓名： 陈文志 指导教师： 李宝梁 教授 二〇一二 年 六 月 英文资料 SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY Abstract:From our perspective in 1996, it is challenging to imagine what the world will belike in 2096.For example, in the United States in 1896, almost no one could have imagined that a hundred years hence in 1996, less than two percent of the labor force would be employed in agriculture. If someone had made such a prediction, he or she would have been ridiculed as wildly imaginative and unrealistic.This example is useful because it seems quite possible that, by 2096, less than two percent of the US labor force will be employed in industrial production -- and the same may be true for Mexico and every other country as well. Key Words: social security challenging labor force A CREATION OF INDUSTRIALISM Looking back, the industrial era has been a mass era. We have assumed that a mass society can be sustained in low skill employment that is essentially stable over the long term. At the household level, the assumption is that most people will have a long-term job, and social security policy will, as necessary,supplement the income from this job. The choice of social insurance as the dominant social security policy in the twentieth century is derived from certain assumptions and perspectives concerning industrialism and low skill mass production: ? Economies and labor markets are essentially closed and tied to nation states.Therefore it makes sense to think exclusively in terms of national social policies that serve a nation’s population. ? Social and economic issues are and should be almost completely separate.Indeed, the two are viewed as conflicting because resources are drawn away from production for individual and household consumption. ? There is a preoccupation with mass problems and deficiencies, or nee