数论研究的三个阶段.docVIP

数论研究的三个阶段 [摘要]十八世纪前数论还没有形成完整体系，十八世纪后由于代数方法和解析方法的引入，数论出现了两大分支，即代数数论和解析数论。高斯对二次互反律的研究催生了代数数论，之后经库默尔、狄利克雷、戴德金等数学家的工作而得到了进一步的发展与完善。欧拉的研究引出了解析数论，黎曼、阿达马等数学家的研究直接推动了解析数论的发展。 关键词：数论；代数数论；解析数论 The Three Stages of Number Theory Research Abstract The Number theory had not formed a complete system until it was divided into two branches in the 18th century, namely the algebraic number theory and analytic umber theory. Gausss research on the law of quadratic reciprocity had given rise to the algebraic number theory, which obtained the further development and perfection by Kummer,