隧道洞口施工结构及地层预加固技术研究.doc

隧道洞口施工结构及地层预加固技术研究 谢廷雷 (重庆交通大学，重庆40070） 摘要：隧道洞口结构及地层通常具有稳定性较差、受力特性复杂、施工技术难度高和支护工程量大等特点，因此隧道洞口结构及地层易发生坍塌、滑坡等灾害。为控制隧道洞口变形量，提高隧道洞口整体稳定性，预加固技术在工程实践中较为常用。综合贵州石家坡隧道洞口地质状况，利用数值分析和模型试验研究和验证预加固技术对控制地层及结构变形量的重要作用和保证隧道洞口稳定的关键性，同时结合具体工程实际状况提出预加固多种结构形式及各自用途，以此为基础再提出隧道洞口结构及地层预加固桩施工设计技术方案和具体施工工艺流程，以期相关领域发展有所裨益。 关键词：隧道洞口；结构；地层；预加固；稳定性控制 The key techniques of tunnel portal construction stability control Xie Tinglei (The Southern Engineering of the Chinese RoadBridge ,LTD,Beijing 101121,China) Abstract: Affected by the influence of engineering geologic condition, hydrogeological condition and artificial factor, the tunnel portal often occurs such as landslide, landslide disasters at the time of construction. Tunnel portal mainly has bad rock stability, complex structure system, construction of the supporting great quantities. Based on the geological situation of Shi Jiapo tunnel entrance of the Guizhou, we have researched the tunnel entrance slope, surrounding rock and supporting structure stability and deformation control technology, and researched through the reasonable geostress release and the main problem with constraints effectively balance. It was proposed the reserved deformation, the reasonable excavation method, the key parts of the primary support and reliable anchor strengthening injection, the key of control technology dynamic supporting stability such as reinforcement. Enhancing the stability of tunnel structure and formation not only can effectively solve the safety problems of tunnel portal construction, also has immeasurable benefits on improving the construction progress of indirect. Key words: the tunnel portal；modified control；stability 引 言 隧道洞口段地质条件复杂，岩层软弱破碎，节理发育差，洞口施工是隧道施工中最为困难的地段之一，结构及地层稳定性差是关键问题，常见灾害为塌方、开裂和滑坡等。事故发生不仅会延误工期、提高工程造价，甚至会造成人身伤害，如果处治不当，还可能影响后续施工，遗留工程质量隐患。控制隧道洞口结构及地层变形量，提高隧道洞口稳定性，保证施工安全和进度，因此有必要研究洞口的预加固技术措施。地层及结构常用的预加固措施为：预加固桩、地表砂浆锚杆、超前管棚、预注浆、超前锚杆、挡土墙、锚索等。既有隧道为例，分析预加固桩与套拱、仰拱、管棚整体受力体系，根据受力特点研究预加固桩作用机理。通过建立有限元数值模型和具体分析计算模型，对不同施工方案中隧道洞口预加固桩的受力机理分