RSA算法.ppt

Security of e-system and Computer Networks RSA算法 编码学 明文 密文 方法： 密本系统 ：码本词典 密表系统： 密码算法 密钥（可变） 分类：分组密码：DES、RSA 序列密码：RC-4 内容 1.密码算法的设计理论 2.公钥密码学 3.RSA算法 4.RSA算法的攻击 5.RSA算法应用 一、密码算法的设计理论 明文集合：P={p1，p2，…，pn} 密文集合：C={c1，c2，…，cm} 加密： C=E(p) 映射 E：P C 是一对一的函数 即： pi pj 则 f(pi) f(pj) 若f(pi)=f(pj) 则pi=pj S: P C m(m-1)(m-2)…(m-n+1) 映射总个数 若m=n 则 S的秩为 m! 密钥集合 V=(v1,v2,…vr) 加密函数集E=(Ev1,Ev2…Evr) 加密函数集D=(Dv1,Dv2…Dvr) |V||S| 是理想的 例 DES |P|=|C|=2^64 明文、密文64bit |S|=2^64! 10^10^20 |V|=2^56 密钥56bit 10^17 2^64!=256*2^56*(2^64-1)!2^56 二、Public Key Cryptography Every Egyptian received two names, which were known respectively as the true name and the good name, or the great name and the little name; and while the good or little name was made public, the true or great name appears to have been carefully concealed. —The Golden Bough, Sir James George Frazer Private-Key Cryptography traditional private/secret/single key cryptography uses one key shared by both sender and receiver if this key is disclosed communications are compromised also is symmetric, parties are equal hence does not protect sender from receiver forging a message claiming is sent by sender Public-Key Cryptography probably most significant advance in the 3000 year history of cryptography uses two keys – a public a private key asymmetric since parties are not equal uses clever application of number theoretic concepts to function complements rather than replaces private key crypto Public-Key Cryptography public-key/two-key/asymmetric cryptography involves the use of two keys: a public-key, which may be known by anybody, and can be used to encrypt messages, and verify signatures a private-key, known only to the recipient, used to decrypt messages, and sign (create) signatures is asymmetric because those who encrypt messages or verify signatures cannot decrypt messages or