译文：实时数据库在嵌式系统上的应用.docVIP

Real-time Databases for Embedded Systems Introduction Real-time systems are now used in many application domains, including network infrastructure, telecommunications and financial markets. As real-time systems continue to evolve, their applications become more complex, and often require timely access to, and processing of, massive amounts of data. At the start of a real-time system development project, it is often assumed that a fast enough data processing engine, created specifically for the system and tightly integrated with its code, will meet real-time requirements. However, often the application’s input data must be correlated, merged, or compared across all data objects and across time, for filtering or analysis. In addition, the data must be shared by concurrent tasks that have different functions, time requirements and degrees of importance. These issues are better addressed by a proven database management system (DBMS). As a result, real-time systems increasingly feature a commercial, off-the shelf DBMS as a part of the architecture, to simplify design, streamline development and improve performance. Real-time vs. Traditional Databases Like traditional database systems, real-time database systems (RTDBSs) serve as repositories for data and rovide efficient storage, retrieval and manipulation of data. The main differences between conventional and real-time databases lie in temporal requirements of the managed data, timing constraints on transactions, and performance goals. Temporal consistency of data requires the actual state of the external world and the state represented in the database to be close enough to remain within the limits of the application. The most common performance metric of all databases—whether real-time or not—is transaction response time. For traditional database systems this characteristic boils down to the number of transactions per time unit; this measurement is used heavily in optimizing average response time for “traditiona