材料成型金属学ch08 金属组织性能控制.ppt

Chap.8 金属组织性能控制 (1) 8.1 金属的强化机制 strengthening mechanism 1.晶界强化 microstructure hardening 原子排列的正常结构遭到破坏/大量晶格缺陷 /第二相 夹杂物 晶界能 晶界两侧晶粒取向不同,滑移难以连续进行. 易滑移/难滑移 ——需满足变形连续性. 单晶体晶粒 克服晶格阻力 杂质原子对位错阻力 多晶体晶粒 克服晶界阻力 Microstructure hardening 2.形变强化 work hardening 形变位错受到阻碍 interaction 加工硬化——古老又普遍的现象 理论仍不完善 Some applications of physical metallurgy Work (dislocation density) hardening 3.固溶强化 solid solution hardening 固溶体强度基体金属 固溶体 solution 溶质 solute 溶剂 solvent 固溶度 solubility 有限互溶 ⑵流变应力～溶质浓度 稀固溶体 理论 位错钉扎 pinning effect 摩擦机制 不动的溶质原子应力场，—↑位错运动阻力. Hardness of Steel vs. Interstitial Carbon Content 金属的拉拔－高强度金属丝high – strength steel wire (p69) The strongest known metal (disregarding whisker filament) is drawn pearlitic wire. Not only with extremely high strength , but also with an amazing ductility at this strength level. 珠光体钢丝－超高强度、高塑性 Description UTS Range (MPa) Piano wire 1790~2400 Mandolin wire 2000~2760 Wire cables 2210 Galvanized suspension cable wire 1380~1590 Mechanical spring wires 2960 Patenting 铅浴 4.弥散强化 Particle hardening 第二相弥散质点 dispersed second phase particle ⑴位错切过第二相质点. ⑵位错饶过第二相质点 Orowan机制 质点尺寸↑ Precipitation hardening is accomplished by two different heat treatments Solution heat treatment During solution heat treatment all solute atoms are dissolved to form a single-phase solid solution Quenching or rapid cooling to room temperature to form a nonequilibrium supersaturated solid solution (to prevent diffusion and the accompanying formation of any second phase) Precipitation hardening is accomplished by two different heat treatments Precipitation heat treatment (aging) The supersaturated solid solution is heated to an intermediate temperature within the two-phase region at this temperatu