地球化学-1程序.ppt

地球化学GEOCHEMISTRY 杜建国 Tel: 010Email: jianguodu@ 引言 本课程的目的是让学生掌握地球化学的基本理论、基本方法和最新的研究进展，使学生了解地球化学的研究现状、发展趋势，能够应用地球化学的基本理论和方法综合分析解释地质问题；同时使学生拓宽专业基础，建立起统一的地球科学观，提高逻辑思维能力，增强哲学观念，丰富方法论的知识。 引言 直观地讲，地球化学就是根据化学原理、用方法研究地球的学科，主要研究自然界物质的起源、结构、演化以及物质间的反应。自然界任何过程都包括三个要素：物质、时间和空间。在地质历史中，地球物质运动形成了地球的圈层构造、地震、火山和地貌特征，元素的运移聚集形成了矿产、引起了环境演化和生态变化。因此，本课程与地质构造、矿产资源、能源、生态环境和灾害等领域有密切关系。 引言 GEOCHEMISTRY was first used by the Swiss chemist Sch?nbein in 1838. Merely from the etymology/语源学 of the word, that the field of geochemistry is somehow a marriage of the fields of geology and chemistry. The best explanation for the relationship between them would be to state that in geochemistry, we use the tools of chemistry to solve geological problems; that is, we use chemistry to understand the Earth and how it works. 引言 The goals of geochemistry are thus no different from those of other fields of geoscience; just the approach differs. On the other hand, while geochemists have much in common with other chemists, their goals differ in fundamental ways. Though geochemistry is a subdiscipline of earth science, it is a very broad topic. So broad in fact that no one can really master it all; geochemists invariably specialize in one or a few aspects, such as atmospheric chemistry, geochemical thermodynamics, isotope geochemistry, marine chemistry, trace element geochemistry, soil chemistry, etc 引言 Geochemistry has flourished in the quantitative approach that grew to dominate earth science in the second half of the twentieth century. This quantitative approach has produced greater advances in the understanding of our planet in the last 50 years than in all of prior human history. The contributions of geochemistry to this advance have been simply enormous. Geochemistry, like much of science, is very much driven by technology. 绪 论——地球化学的定义与研究内容 1.地球化学的定义 地球化学是研究地球的化学成分及元素在其中的分布、分配、集中、分散、共生组合与迁移规律、演化历史的科学。 绪 论——地球化学的定义与研究内容 2.研究内容 （Intro.，Ref. 1，4） （1）元素的分布和分配 地球各圈层内以及各种岩石、矿物中各种化学元素