高中英语：penicillium chrysogenum相关素材（牛津版选修7）.docVIP

Penicillium chrysogenum Penicillium chrysogenum (also known as Penicillium notatum) is the source for penicillin, the first antibiotic. Penicillin works against gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus and Pneumococcus by disrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis-- crosslinking of the peptidoglycan polymers is prevented by inhibition of the enzyme transpeptidaase, causing the malformed cells walls to take on excess water, which causes them to burst (cell lysis). The name Penicillium comes from the resemblance of the conidiophore of the fungus to a paintbrush-- penicillus is the Latin wor