芽孢杆菌属及其近缘属的分类研究.doc

芽孢杆菌近缘属的系统进化及其属分类学特征 刘国红，2, 林乃铨2, 林营志1, 刘波1* （1福建省农业科学院 福州 350003；2福建农林大学生防所 福州 350002） 摘 要：以第九版即2004年出版的《伯杰氏系统细菌学手册》为依据16S rRNA等的特征，芽孢杆菌分化出近缘属35个，其中产芽孢的芽孢杆菌近缘属有22个位于芽孢杆菌科的有位于非芽孢杆菌科属有关键词：芽孢杆菌中图分类号： 文献标识码： 文章编号： Liu Guo-hong1，2, Lin Nai-quan2, Lin Ying-zhi1, Liu Bo1* ( 1 Agrobiological resource Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences Fuzhou, 350003; 2 Biological Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, 350002) Abstract: The research of genus Bacillus had a long history and it played an important role to development of microbiology. The traditional classification of genus Bacillus was mainly based on phenotypic characteristics, There were 244 species of genus Bacillus cited in the book of 揜esearch of Bacillus world literature?by Liu Bo (2006). With the development of identification methods, especially the application of polyphasic taxonomical method, there were many changes in the taxonomy of genus Bacillus. Many species were seprated from genus Bacillus and established new genera. In this paper, based on the ninth edition of Bergey抯 Mannual of Systematic Bacteriology published in 2004, the evolution evidence of Bacillus related genera and the characterictics of its type species were described and discussed in the paper. According to the spore-forming, 16S rRNA, and so on, there were 35 Bacillus related genera seprated from genus Bacillus, in which they included 22 Bacillus related genera with spore-forming (there were 15 genera belonged to Bacillaceae, 7 belonged to non-Bacillaceae), and 13 non-spores-forming Bacillus related genera. Keywords: Bacillus; Bacillus related genuera; taxonomic characteristics 1．芽孢杆菌属的分类简况 芽孢杆菌Bacillus，一类产芽孢的革兰氏阳性细菌，好氧或兼性厌氧生活。1872年Cohn根据细菌的形态特征建立了第一个细菌分类系统，命名了芽孢杆菌属Bacillus。早期的芽孢杆菌分类主要是根据好氧性和产芽孢，所以很多生理生化和遗传学特征迥异的菌归入到了这个属1981年Gorden记载了芽孢杆菌属的分类状况，尽管此分类体系的依据主要是表观特征，但为芽孢杆菌属的现代分类体系提供了良好的基础。现在的分类研究大多采用多相分类法，即将形态、生理生化、化学(DNA碱基GC分析、脂肪酸类型)、分子(DNA同源性分析，16S rRNA测序)等方法相结合，根据所