复杂曲面模具加工系统综合刚度场建模及分析.docVIP

复杂曲面模具加工系统综合刚度场建模与分析* 摘要： 关键词：中图分类号：TG506 TH113 he modeling and analysis about comprehensive stiffness field of complex curved surface mould processing system (School of Mechanical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080) Abstract： When producing the mold complex curved surface of the cars’ outer covering parts, whole machine tool rigidity, cutting tool position change and?distribution?of workpiece rigidity will influence the machining?systerms,and then influence the quality of the workpiece surface. In this paper, Taking a four-axis machining centers as example, based on multi-body theory of small deformation, we completed the system comprehensive rigidity modeling and introduced the three dimensional space force ellipsoid through the point of transfer matrix and the Jacobian matrix. For the key points we need analysis in the mold surface, under the different space posture in tools, we set up the comprehensive rigidity field of machining system. Through the force ellipsoid we analysis the machine tool beams,the cutting tool posture, the cutting tool, the combinations parts of cutting tool spindle and the mold and their influence of system rigidity properties. Besides, we analysis unique distribution regularities of the mold surface rigidity. In the end，through the experiments we prove that the theoretical model can effectively optimize the complex surface mold processing technology. Key words：ould; Complex curved surface; NC machining; Force ellipsoid; Stiffness field 0 前言* 汽车外覆盖件模具型腔的自由型面上存在大量沟槽、转角、凸起、凹陷等结构，汽车外覆盖件模具典型的型面特征如图1所示。多轴数控加工作为获取高精度复杂曲面的重要基础技术之一而广泛地应用到汽车模具等复杂零件的制造中。多轴加工系统相对与传统的三轴加工系统而言，它具有更大的灵活性，以便加工复杂曲面，但却对刀具空间位姿的求解问题带来难度，刀具位姿的变化会影响到整个加工系统的综合刚度性能的变化，运动轴也主要依靠关节来实现平动和转动，关节、刀具-刀柄结合面、刀柄-主轴结合面等这些部分相对于其它结构而言，其刚度较为薄弱，在大型模具加工时会产生一定量的变形，而这些变形往往会对刀位点的位移产生较大的影响，从而为加工带来误差[1-3]等。由于加工系统的综合刚度性能变化会对加工复杂表面的质量产生较大的影响[4-6]，表面质量高低会直接影响到加工工件的耐磨性、耐蚀性以及抗疲劳破损能力。对于一些有严格要求的加工精度而言，加工工件的表面质量是其中一个很重要的标准。所以，对加工系统的刚度场建模及刚度性能的分析就显得尤为重要[7]。 图1 汽