34prepress.ppt

CP.4 Traditional line and halftone photography Line photography Halftone photography 制版照相 Process Camera Fundamentals 玻璃网屏 是由垂直相交的等宽的黑线和白线组成，这样在网屏上就存在许多个大小相等的透明小方孔，称之为网目孔。黑线或白线的多少表示加网线数的多少，通常用LPI来表示。根据小孔成像原理，当光线通过小孔时，则会形成中心光强大、边缘光强小的小亮点，在感光材料上曝光后，就形成了印刷网点。在使用玻璃网屏加网时，感光材料与网屏之间一定要有一定的距离，人们称这个距离为网距。  接触网屏 接触网屏是一种需要与感光材料紧密接触的网屏，与玻璃网屏不同的是接触网 屏的透明小方格的透光能力有一定的变化，即中心透光能力强，四周的透光能力依次递减。由于原稿上表现出来的明暗差别，加之高反差的感光材料，从而 也可形成大小不同的网点。  §4.2 Halftone Photography Tone Tone reproduction Why screening?Dot is the basic unit for half-tone reproduction Screening, therefore, converts continuous tone originals into black and white information (image elements, half-tone dots) that is suitable for producing the printing master (film or plate). Depending on the printing process, there are usually only two states of ink transfer (printing or non-printing). For this reason, the varying visual impression of lightness or darkness must be created by varying the size of the halftone dot. If the screen structure are enough for the viewing distance of the screened image, the integrating effect of the human eye will “smooth out” the image, and the observer, therefore, sees an image that, with its continuous gradation,is visually consistent with the original. The influence of screening angles for multicolor printing 1. Moire: The screening of the individual color separation is done at different screen angle. Improper positioning of color separation causes interference, or so-called moiré pattern, which might severely impair the image impression. Rosette formation in screened multicolor printing. a Angling of the screened color separation with rosette formation； b Rosette of different structure appearing as special moiré phenomenon (to make the effect more obvious, all color separation are printed with the same color ) Typical Screen Angle For single-color images the halftone structure has least visibility if it is rotated 45 to the horizontal; the eye is better trained to see horizontal and