线粒体和叶绿体的能量转换解读.ppt

The structure and function in C4 plants CAM plants: CO2被2次固定，但只需1种细胞（Mesophyll cell） 4. Organelle DNA and protein importing A. Organelle DNA The size range of organelle DNA is similar to that of viral DNAs. Mit DNA: from 6000bp (plasmodium falciparum) ～ 300000bp (some land plants). DNA of Mit genome(in mammals) ≈16500bp(0.001% of nuclear genome) ; Chl genomes are about 10 times larger and contain about 120 genes. Chl DNA: from 70000?to 200000bp (genome of land plants); Genes in mtDNA encode rRNAs, tRNAs, and some mitochondrial proteins Human mt DNA: 16,569bp 2 rRNAs（16s and 12s RNA）, 22 tRNAs, 13 polypeptides: NADH reductase. 7 sub. Cty b-c1 complex. 1 cytb Cyt oxidase. 3 subunits ATP synthase: 2 F0 sub Products of mt genes are not exported The organization of the liverwort(地钱) Chl genome B. Mit and Chl have their own genetic systems Mit and Chl are organelles semiautocephaly. The synthesis of mt proteins is coordinated C. The transport protein into Mit. And Chl. Tree proteins translocators in Mit membranes: TOM, TIM,and OXA complex are multimeric membrane protein, that catalyze protein transport across Mit membrane, TOM, TIM stand for translocase of the outer and inner Mit membranes respectively. TOM functions across the outer membrane; TIM(TIM23 and TIM22) function across the inner membrane. OXA mediates the insertion of inner membrane proteins that are synthesized within the Mit. OXA also helps TOM and TIM to insert some proteins into the matrix. Translocation of precursors to the matrix occurs at the sites where the outer and inner membranes are close together; The protein import by Mit: N-terminal signal sequence is recognized by receptors of TOM; The protein is translocated across both Mit membranes at or near special contac