TurbochargersKEA描述.ppt

涡轮增压器Turbochargers 什么是涡轮增压器? What is a Turbocharger? 机械增压器和涡轮增压器是增加进入发动机的气流密度的装置。 Superchargers and turbochargers are devices which increase the density of air going into an engine 机械增压器是由曲轴皮带驱动的定容式鼓风机。 A supercharger is a constant volume blower that is belt driven by the crankshaft 涡轮增压器是由排气涡轮机驱动的离心式压缩机。 A turbocharger is a centrifugal compressor that is driven by an exhaust gas turbine 涡轮增压器与机械增压器的比较Turbocharger vs. Supercharger 两者都由曲轴驱动，机械增压器通过皮带、涡轮增压器通过涡轮机的排气冲程来推动气体。 Both are driven by the crankshaft, a supercharger by belt, a turbocharger by the exhaust stroke pushing gas through the turbine 效率Efficiency 涡轮机比皮带驱动更有效 Turbine is more efficient than belt drive 涡轮增压器可以利用机械增压器浪费掉的排气能量(热量和脉冲) Turbocharger can take advantage of exhaust gas energy (heat and pulse) that is wasted with a supercharger 使用涡轮增压器，残余损失/寄生损失较低 Residual/parasitic losses are lower with a turbocharger 为什么选择涡轮增压器? Why a Turbocharger? 功率密度：增加空气密度(压力)意味着可以喷射更多的燃料，从而获取更高的单位排量功率 Power Density: Increased air density (pressure) means you can inject more fuel and get more power per displacement 空气控制：增加空气供给可以减少微粒和排放物 Air Control: Increased air supply reduces particulates and emissions 高度修正：由于涡轮增压器传送质量而非体积，因此随着高度的增加而产生的功率下降很小 Altitude Correction: Derate for altitude is much less because turbocharger moves mass not volume 涡轮增压器的功率随高度的增加而降低Turbocharger Altitude Derate 自然吸气发动机传送体积，所以在空气密度较低的高度传送的空气较少。 Naturally aspirated engines move volume, so they move less air at altitude where air is less dense. 涡轮增压器使用离心力传送质量，所以功率降低很小。 Turbochargers use centrifugal force to move mass, so derate is much lower. 涡轮增压器的空气流向Turbocharger Air Flow 涡轮增压器的油流向Turbocharger Oil Flow 涡轮增压器的轴承和密封Turbocharger Bearings Seals 涡轮增压器的排废门Turbocharger Wastegate 让废气绕过涡轮机叶轮，从而限制增压 Limits boost by letting exhaust gas bypass the turbine wheel 增压压力推动隔膜和弹簧，当达到增压设定时推开提升阀 Boost pressure pushes on diaphragm and spring and pushes open poppet when boost setting is reached 为什么需要排废门Why Wastegate 涡轮增压器的涡轮机壳体就像一个喷嘴，较小的喷嘴会产生较高的速度，而较大的喷嘴则会产生更大的