2013论学习-培根.docVIP

OF?STUDY? ? STUDIES?serve?for?delight,?for?ornament,?and?for?ability.?Their?chief?use?for?delight,?is?in?privateness?and?retiring;?for?ornament,?is?in?discourse;?and?for?ability,?is?in?the?judgment,?and?disposition?of?business.?For?expert?men?can?execute,?and?perhaps?judge?of?particulars,?one?by?one;?but?the?general?counsels,?and?the?plots?and?marshalling?of?affairs,?come?best,?from?those?that?are?learned.?To?spend?too?much?time?in?studies?is?sloth;?to?use?them?too?much?for?ornament,?is?affectation;?to?make?judgment?wholly?by?their?rules,?is?the?humor?of?a?scholar.?They?perfect?nature,?and?are?perfected?by?experience:?for?natural?abilities?are?like?natural?plants,?that?need?proyning,?by?study;?and?studies?themselves,?do?give?forth?directions?too?much?at?large,?except?they?be?bounded?in?by?experience.?Crafty?men?contemn?studies,?simple?men?admire?them,?and?wise?men?use?them;?for?they?teach?not?their?own?use;?but?that?is?a?wisdom?without?them,?and?above?them,?won?by?observation.?Read?not?to?contradict?and?confute;?nor?to?believe?and?take?for?granted;?nor?to?find?talk?and?discourse;?but?to?weigh?and?consider.?Some?books?are?to?be?tasted,?others?to?be?swallowed,?and?some?few?to?be?chewed?and?digested;?that?is,?some?books?are?to?be?read?only?in?parts;?others?to?be?read,?but?not?curiously;?and?some?few?to?be?read?wholly,?and?with?diligence?and?attention.?Some?books?also?may?be?read?by?deputy,?and?extracts?made?of?them?by?others;?but?that?would?be?only?in?the?less?important?arguments,?and?the?meaner?sort?of?books,?else?distilled?books?are?like?common?distilled?waters,?flashy?things.?Reading?maketh?a?full?man;?conference?a?ready?man;?and?writing?an?exact?man.?And?therefore,?if?a?man?write?little,?he?had?need?have?a?great?memory;?if?he?confer?little,?he?had?need?have?a?present?wit:?and?if?he?read?little,?he?had?need?have?much?cunning,?to?seem?to?know,?that?he?doth?not.?Histories?make?men?wise;?poets?witty;?the?mathematics?subtile;?natural?philosophy?deep;?moral?grave;?logic?