3opticalfiber1.pptVIP

Contents: (1) reviewing “physics of light” From the point view of electromagnetic waves、beams and a stream of photons (2)learning chapter 3: optical fibers-basics Key Points Review: Conception of wavelength/period refractive index (conception calculation) total internal reflection critical incident angle energy-level diagram/ energy gap Pumping Radiation A photon’s energy/color (wavelength of the radiation light) Specialized Words electromagnetic wave geometric optics TEM (transverse electromagnetic) wave refractive index critical incident angle total internal reflection reflected angle refracted angle energy level pumping and radiation Chapter 3:OPTICAL FIBERS-BASICS Preface: Optical fiber is the key to fiber-optic communications systems. The real deployment of these systems started only after commercially acceptable optical fibers appeared on the market. This chapter is devoted to general issues in optical fibers, focusing on multimode fibers. Key Points of This Class: (1)Basic structure of a fiber (2) Conception of critical propagation angle and acceptance angle (3)Understanding numerical aperture(NA)(数值孔径）(conception and calculation) (4)Attenuation including :bending losses 、scattering and absorption and how to calculate total attenuation. 3.1HOW OPTICAL FIBERS CONDUCT LIGHT 3.1.1Step-Index Fiber: The Basic Structure An optical fiber is a thin, transparent, flexible strand that consists of a core (纤芯）surrounded by cladding（包层）. The core and the cladding of an optical fiber are made from the same material-a type of glass called silica（硅土、硅）-and they differ only in their refractive indexes（折射率）. Figure 3.2 basic structure of a step-index optical fiber To complete this discussion of the basic makeup of optical fiber, it is necessary to stress that a third layer—a coating(涂覆层）---is applied over the cladding to protect the entire structure. The coating is made of a different material from