and4Baceria.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Bacteria Dr. Gerard Colleran Bacteria form one of three biological kingdoms on Earth Size of Bacteria Average bacteria 0.5 - 2.0 um in diameter Red Blood Cell is 7.5 um in diameter Surface Area (RBC) ~12 um2 Volume is ~4 um3 Surface Area to Volume is 3:1 Typical Eukaryote Cell Surface Area/Vol is 0.3:1 Food enters through Surface Area, quickly reaches all parts of bacteria Eukaroytes need structures organelles and bacteria do not Shapes of Bacteria Coccus Chain = Streptoccus Cluster = Staphylococcus Bacillus Chain = Streptobacillus Coccobacillus Vibrio = curved Spirillum Spirochete Square Some bacteria in extremely salty environments appear square under the microscope Square bacterial cells in the Dead Sea in Israel What shape are these bacterial cells? Bacterial Structures Flagella Pili Capsule Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Cell Wall Lipopolysaccharides Teichoic Acids Inclusions Spores Can you name each of the following structures in the bacterial cell? Flagella Motility – movement Whip-like structures on the surface of some bacterial cells Arrangement basis for classification Monotrichous; 1 flagella Lophotrichous; tuft at one end Amphitrichous; both ends Peritrichous; all around bacteria What type of flagella are present on this bacterial cell? Simultaneous pinning movement of flagella drives bacteria through liquids Running Forward or Tumbling in one place are the typical movements of motile bacteria Why do microbes move? They move towards nutrient and towards each other They move away from hazardous chemicals They can detect chemicals in their environment Some of the chemicals are “attractants” and others are “repellants” The process where bacteria move in response to a chemical stimulus is called CHEMOTAXIS Bacteria move towards a chemical by following increasing concentrations of the attractant chemical Some cells have multiple flagella located around the outside of the cell called Peritrichous flagella Other cells have Mono- or Lophotr