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Chapter 5 Response—State Methods 5-1 INTRODUCTION We have dealt with the analysis of systems that were represented by higher-order linear differential equations with constant coefficients. The response of the system was obtained via classical techniques that rely on operational mathematics. Such an approach is the direct growth of techniques developed in mechanical vibration theory and electrical network theory. It is very attractive when we study a single output of a system subjected to a single input. However, modern systems tend to get quite complex and it becomes not only necessa