高中英语语之情态动词1.docVIP

高中英语语法之情态动词 （一）情态动词的定义?情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。?（二）情态动词的特点?1）有一定词义；2）不受主语人称和数的变化影响；3）与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought?to作固定词组看待）。?情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 not。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。will(would), shall(should), can(could), may(might), must, need, dare, ought to, used to, had bette可以与have和be基本助动词连用不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间 情态动词有四类：只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to情态动词表猜测 A: can / could = be able to 1 表示能力两种时态can (could)，其他时态要用be able to的形式He can speak French.Was/were able to 可以表示成功做成某事的含义* managed to do / succeeded in doing With our help, he was able to build the house.? 2 表示请求或许可 Could 比 Can 更加客气* mayCan I go now? Yes, you can.3 表示推测或可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句Can he be at school?Today is Sunday. He cant be at school.　Can’t couldn’t/ Can ? Could? have done There is no light in the room. Can she have gone to bed?She can’t have gone to school----- it’s Sunday.Could have done 可用在肯定句中表示过去存在的可能性* may have doneShe could have gone out with some friends yesterday.Could have done 可以表示虚拟语气某事可能发生（并没有发生）It was silly to throw the TV out of the window. It could have hit somebody.批评某人没有完成某事(本可以做某事)You are late again. You could have got up earlier.4 can 表示客观上的可能性*Anybody can make mistakes. B: may and might 1 表示请求和允许 类似用法can could(更加口语化)May I watch TV now?? Yes, you may.2 表示可能性; 猜测might比may更加不确定may/might have done 对过去的揣测*He may be busy these days.May not 可能不；不可能；一定不可3 表示祝愿? Wish you success!May you succeed!* C: must and have to1 表示必须；一定要 可以用 have to 代替 must 现在；将来的必须 而且是主观看法*have to 有多种时态 而且强调客观情况I really must stop smoking now.I had to leave early because I wasn’t feeling well.Must I come here?Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. needn’t / don’t have to? must not 一定不能做某事 mustn’t2 must 表示推测 意思非常肯定 “一定是”“一定会”It must be raining outside.Must have done 对过去/完成的推测*? must have done, didn’t