高分子材料程专业英语课后材料文章Reading Materials.docVIP

嘉兴学院 高分子系 吴佰程整理 Reading Materials 第6单元 Purification of Polymers聚合物的提纯 The usual purification operations used with low molecular weight compounds (for example, distillation and recrystallization) are usually not applicable to macromolecular compounds. 针对低分子量化合物通常的提纯方法，如蒸馏和重结晶通常都不能用于高分子化合物。 Distillation, 蒸馏 Macromolecular compounds are not volatile and cannot simply be recrystallized from saturated solutions. One therefore has to be satisfied with extracting them in suitable solvents and thus removing the impurities. Volatile[vol?’tail], 飞行的，易挥发的，快活的，爆炸性的，易激动的，反复无常的，短暂的。 Extract, v，萃取，extraction, 萃取 高分子化合物不是挥发性的，而且不能简单地从饱和溶液中再结晶。因此人们不得不用合适的溶剂来萃取这些高分子，从而去除杂质。 The purification effect of the extraction is in most cases rather slight because in many instances the impurity is held to the polymer by strong secondary valence forces. Secondary valence force, 次（化合）价力 Hold to 坚持，紧握 在大多数场合，萃取的提纯效果是很有限的，因为在许多情况下杂质被聚合物强的次价力束缚。 Consequently, one usually first dissolves the macromolecular compound and then precipitates it by addition of a nonsolvent. 因此，我们通常首先溶解高分子化合物，然后用非溶剂填加物把高分子沉淀下来。 Precipitate，沉淀 The precipitate comes out as a more or less strongly swollen gel. Come out，长出，（花）开，由。。。产生，由。。。出来，结果是，显现，（污点）被去掉，（颜色）被褪去，（题目）被解出，（商品）被展出，被供应，（总数）计，总计 Swell，溶胀， gel，凝胶，溶胶，sol，溶胶-凝胶法，sol-gel 沉淀大体上以强烈溶胀的凝胶形式产生出来。 And the impurities remain at least partly in solution. 而杂质至少有一部分保留在溶液中。 The gel can be removed by sedimentation if necessary, in the centrifuge. 如果需要的话，凝胶可以用离心机沉降移出。 Usually it is necessary to repeat this precipitation 10-20 times. 通常这个沉淀过程有必要重复10到20次。 The solvents and precipitating agents have to be carefully selected from case to case. 根据不同场合，溶剂和沉淀剂必须仔细选择。 Many vinyl polymers are easily dissolved in benzene and toluene and precipitate under addition of methanol. Toluence，甲苯 Methanol，甲醇 许多乙烯基聚合物容易溶解在苯或甲苯中，而在添加甲醇的情况下发生沉淀。 Methanol is a sort of general precipitating agent in which most polymers, both the benzene soluble ones and the water-soluble polymers, are insoluble. 甲