chapter2week21汇编程序课程.pptVIP

Part AFundamentals of PC Hardware and Software Basic Features of PC Hardware Instruction Addressing and Execution Examining Computer Memory and Executing Instructions Chapter 2 Instruction Addressing and Execution Chapter 2Instruction Addressing and Execution Features of an Operating System The BIOS Boot Process The System Program Loader The Stack Instruction Execution and Addressing Instruction Operands Protected Model FEATURES OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM The Main Function of Operating System File management Input/output management Program loading Memory management Interrupt handling THE BIOS BOOT PROCESS THE BIOS BOOT PROCESS BIOS contains a set of routine in ROM to provide device support BIOS establishes two data areas: An Interrupt Vector Table: Begins in low memory 0 Contains 256 4-byte address BIOS Data Areas Begins at location 40[0]H Concerned with the status of attached devices BIOS Boot process BIOS Boot process Input/output Interface THE SYSTEM PROGRAM LOADER --Types of programs *.COM and *.EXE files *.COM: consists of one segment containing code, data and stack *.exe: separate code, data and stack segments Loading *.exe program Access *.exe from disk Constructs a 256-byte Program Segment Prefix (PSP) on a paragraph boundary Store the program immediately following the PSP Load address of PSP in the DS ES Load code segment in CS, clear IP Load address of the stack to SS, set SP Transfer control to the program for execution PSP THE STACK The word is from data structure Last In, First Out (LIFO) mechanism STACK in OS has three main functions: Contains return address Pass data Save content of present registers THE STACK PUSH Decrease SP by 2 and store a value there POP Return a value from stack and increase SP by 2 THE STACK THE STACK THE STACK THE STACK THE STACK THE STACK PUSHF and POPF Save and restore the status of the flags PUSHA and POPA(80286+) Save and restore the contents of all general-purpose registers and increment/decrement SP by 16