CardiopulmonaryAnatomyandPhysiology课程.pptVIP

Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology Respiratory Care Program Indian River Community College Anatomy of theRespiratory Tract The respiratory tract is divided into an upper and a lower airway. The upper airway includes: the nose the oral cavity the pharynx The lower airway includes: the larynx the tracheobronchial tree the lung parenchyma The Upper Airway The upper airway consists of the nose, oral cavity, and pharynx. The primary functions of the upper airway are: act as a conductor of air prevent foreign materials from entering the tracheobronchial tree serve as an important area involved in speech and smell. heat and humidify inspired air The Nose Top third is bony; lower two thirds is cartilage. Nasal septum is cartilage in its anterior portion and divides the nose into two nasal fossae or nares. The anterior portion of the nasal cavity is lined with skin and contains hair follicles. Three major turbinates arise from the lateral nasal walls increasing surface area and allowing very close contact between inspired air and nasal mucosa. The Nose Anterior third is lined with squamous, nonciliated epithelium. Posterior two thirds is covered with ciliated, pseudostratified, columnar epithelium containing many serous and mucous glands. Olfactory region facilitates smell. The primary functions of the nose are to humidify, heat, and filter the inspired air. Two secondary functions are the sense of smell and a resonance chamber for phonation. The Oral Cavity The oral cavity is involved in digestion, speech and respiration. The palate separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity. The anterior 2/3 has a bony skeleton and is called the hard palate. The posterior third is composed of cartilage and is called the soft palate. The oral cavity also houses tonsils that serve certain protective functions. The Pharynx The pharynx is the space behind the oral and nasal cavities and is subdivided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx. The nasopharynx is the area ab