Chapter3SQL课程.pptVIP

Chapter 3: SQL Chapter 3: SQL Data Definition Basic Query Structure Set Operations Aggregate Functions Null Values Nested Subqueries Complex Queries Views Modification of the Database Joined Relations** History IBM Sequel language developed as part of System R project at the IBM San Jose Research Laboratory Renamed Structured Query Language (SQL) ANSI and ISO standard SQL: SQL-86 SQL-89 SQL-92 SQL:1999 (language name became Y2K compliant!) SQL:2003 Commercial systems offer most, if not all, SQL-92 features, plus varying feature sets from later standards and special proprietary features.