第三章__拟电子学(双语).pptVIP

The Greek roots of “analog” mean “in due ratio”, signifying in this usage that information is encoded into an electrical signal which is proportional to the quantity being represented. In Fig.3.1 our information is some sort of music, originating physically in the excitation and resonance’s of a musical instrument. If the entire system is good, every acoustic variation of the air will be recorded on the disk and, when the record is played back through a similar system and the signal reradiated as sound energy by a loudspeaker, the resulting sound should faithfully reproduce the original music. Analog computers existed before digital computers were developed. In an analog computer, the unknown in a differential equation are modeled with electrical signals. Such signals are integrated, scaled, and summed electrically to yield solutions with modest effort compared with analytical or numerical techniques. 在数字计算机被开发出来之前就有了模拟计算机。 在模拟计算机中，微分方程的未知量是用电信号来模拟的。 这些信号被用电子的方法积分，比例变换和求和以获得方程的解，比解析或数值运算的求解方法要容易一些。 3.1.2 The Contents of This chapter Analog techniques employ the frequency-domain viewpoint extensively. We begin by expanding our concept of the frequency domain to include periodic, nonperiodic, and random signals. 3.1.2本章的内容 模拟技术广泛地运用了频域的概念。 首先我们把频域概念扩展到包括周期性的、非周期性的，以及随机的信号。 We will see that most analog signals and processes can be represented in the frequency domain. We shall introduce the concept of a spectrum, that is, the representation of a signal as the simultaneous existence of many frequencies. Bandwidth (the width of a spectrum) in the frequency domain will be related to information rate in the time domain. 我们将看到大部分的模拟信号和过程能在频域中表示出来。 我们将介绍频谱的概念，也就是，用同时存在的许多频率来表示一个信号。 频域里的带宽（频谱的宽度）将与时域中的信息率有关。 This expanded concept of the frequency domain also helps us distinguish the effects of linear and nonlinear analog devices. Linear circuits are shown to be capable of “filtering” out unwanted frequency components. 这个频域里的扩展的概念也能帮助我们区分线性和非线性模拟元件的