真太阳日平太阳日恒星日.docxVIP

True solar day[edit] 真太阳日Main article: Solar timeEarths rotation period relative to the Sun (true noon to true noon) is its true solar day or apparent solar day. It depends on the Earths orbital motion轨道运动 轨道运行and is thus affected by changes in the eccentricity椭圆度and inclination倾角 of Earths orbit. 太阳日的长度与地球公转的轨道运动有关，它取决于椭圆度和轨道夹角。Both vary over thousands of years so the annual variation of the true solar day also varies. Generally, it is longer than the mean solar day during two periods of the year and shorter during another two.[n 2] The true solar day tends to be longer near perihelion近日点 真太阳日长when the Sun apparently moves along the ecliptic黄道through a greater angle 角度大than usual, taking about 10 seconds longer to do so. Conversely, it is about 10 seconds shorter near aphelion远日点 真太阳日短.椭圆度的影响：真太阳日在近日点比在远日点长10秒。S真太阳日比恒星日长地球在近日点时，日地距离近，公转速度快，同样自转一转的时间，在黄道上走过的距离长，因此，地球在近日点必须转过一个更大的角度才能看到太阳。真太阳日在近日点比远日点长10s。远近远近 It is about 20 seconds longer near a solstice冬/夏至when the projection of the Suns apparent movement along the ecliptic onto the celestial equator causes the Sun to move through a greater angle than usual. Conversely, near an equinox昼夜平分点 春分或秋分; the projection onto the equator is shorter by about 20 seconds.轨道夹角的影响：接近冬至时真太阳日大约长20秒，太阳的视运动沿着黄道的投影到天球赤道的原因，太阳穿过一个更大的角度比平常。Currently, the perihelion近日点 and solstice至日effects combine to lengthen the true solar day near December 22 by 30 mean solar seconds, but the solstice effect is partially cancelled by the aphelion远日点 effect near June 19 when it is only 13 seconds longer. The effects of the equinoxes shorten it near March 26 and September 16 by 18 seconds and 21 seconds, respectively.[23][24][25]百度百科 ：太阳日所以不同于地球自转周期，是由于它不但同地球自转有关，而且还同地球公转有关，一日之长是地球自转和公转两种运动的复合反映。由于地球公转轨道呈椭圆形，所以日地距离不断变化着。在近日点，地球公转速度最大，每日达61′，所以冬至前后真太阳日长；在远日点，地球公转速度最小，每日运行57′，所以夏至日前后真太阳日最短，两者长短相差±8秒。Mean solar day[edit] 平太阳日Main article: Mean solar dayThe average of the true solar day during the course of an entire year is the mean solar day, which conta