中国大学生就业政策的历史演变2004.docVIP

中国大学生就业政策的历史演变、 现实定位及具体类型 吴 庆 [内容摘要] 本文从历史发展研究、现实定位研究和具体类型研究三个角度对中国大学生就业政策进行了说明。从历史发展研究，大学生就业政策经历了从计划经济体制下的“统包统分”，教育体制改革下的“双向选择”、进一步深化市场经济体制改革下的“自主择业”三个阶段。从现实定位研究，当前大学生就业政策首要的出发点应该是如何使就业市场体系真正发挥高效配置资源的作用，同时兼顾公平，好的大学生就业政策应在效率和公平中找到一个好的均衡点。当前的大学生就业政策应该起到促进大学生就业市场的建立、规制大学生就业市场、引导大学生就业市场健康发育、为大学生就业提供公共服务、人才宏观调控、促进社会公平等的作用。从具体类型研究，中国大学生就业政策包括市场规制政策、就业准入政策、招考录用政策、权利维护政策、宏观调控政策、创业扶持政策、社会保障政策、派遣接收政策、指导服务政策及其他相关政策等。 [关键词] 大学生 就业 政策 History and Orientation of Employment Policy for Chinese Graduates and Its Presentations Wu Qing (Associate professor, Department of Public Administration,China Youth College for Political Science) Abstract:In this paper, the employment policy for Chinese graduates will be fully illustrated in terms of development, orientation and representation. In the perspective of development, the graduate employment policy has seen “planned job-assignment” under the planned economy system, “bilateral selection” as a result of the renovation of education system, “free job-settlement” as the product of further deepening the reform in the market economy system. In the perspective of its orientation, the current policy gives its highest priority to effective allocation of the employment market resources and to a fair play in the market, as we all know that a sound graduate employment policy is supposed to strike a balance between effectiveness and fairness. In this regard, the current policy should manage to fulfill the following tasks, that is, to help establish, standardize and optimize the graduate employment market, to provide employment service for graduates, to exercise a macro-control of human resources, to promote social equality. And in the perspective of the concrete representations of the policy, this general policy of employment is comprised of a series of specific “sub-policies” concerning different aspects like market regulation, employment access, employment admission based on examination, right protection, macro-control, business suppo