mangeent yesterday and today.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Management Yesterday and Today Section 1 Historical Background of Management 1.Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations in 1776（亚当斯密的《国富论》） The Famous management Experiment of Pin (10*10~48000) division of labor ——the breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks increasing productivity —— by increasing each worker’s skill, by saving time lost in changing tasks, by creating labor-saving invention and machinery efficiency or effectiveness ? 2.Industrial Revolution (the 18 century) Machine power was substitute for human power. Manufactured goods in factory rather than at home . Management was needed (why ?) The productivity is increased More material and more workers were needed Forecast and coordinate the targets ……… Section 2 Scientific Management apprentice--- worker---middle manager—engineer In 1911, Taylor published his famous book --------Scientific Management (1) 3 Views: (pig iron experiment) The order of scientific management is increasing productivity（目的：提高生产率） The experience management being substituted by scientific management is an important method to increase productivity（经验管理~科学管理） The core problem is ideology revolution for both the managers and workers（思想的革命） (2).Four Principles of management : Developing science for each element of an individual’s work. Scientifically select workers and then train, teach, and develop the worker. Cooperate with workers to ensure the scientific management principles being into effect. Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers. Management takes over all work for which it is better fitted than the workers. Scientific management Other prominent theorists: Frank and Lillian Gilbreth  eliminate wasteful hand-and-body motion 消除多余的手和身体动作 Time—and—motion Study Scientific Management Think please: What methods do today’s managers use? To help hire the best qualified worker for a job To use as incentive systems based on output To analyse work task