Vacuum_Basics真空基础知识教程范本.ppt

* When the “permanent gases” are sufficiently cooled, they also liquefy and/or freeze. The above figure gives the vapor pressure for selected gases at low temperatures, when they are liquids or solids. The vertical dotted line to the right ( at 77K, –196°C). is the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. This means that the vapor pressure of nitrogen at 77K is atmosphere (760 torr). Curves to the right of this line indicate low vapor pressures at this temperature. Example: the vapor pressure of water at 120K is already as low as about 1 x 10-11 torr. Curves to the left show high vapor pr