城市管网与GIS.doc

基于GIS的城市供水管网爆管危险性分析 （本文基于本科毕业设计“城市供水管网抗震可靠性研究”和课堂报告的“洪涝灾害风险评估体系”的基础上，加入GIS技术深入分析思考） 【摘要】城市供水管网作为城市生命线系统之一，在城市的正常运转和人们的日常生活中发挥不可替代的作用。近些年来随着城市化进程的加快和供水规模的不断扩大，供水管网逐步复杂庞大，铺设长度不断增长，铺设方式也逐步复杂，各类供水管网突发事故特别是爆管事故频发。为了增加供水管网可靠性，及早发现隐患，需要及时对管网进行爆管危险性分析。随着地理信息系统的不断发展，GIS技术已具有强大的空间分析能力，这为管网的危险性分析提供了有效途径。本文就基于GIS技术，建立了城市供水管网的空间数据库，给出供水管网的爆管影响因素空间分析和危险性分析的思路，为实现供水管网的应急决策和科学管理提供指导和借鉴。 关键词：供水管网、GIS技术、数据库、空间分析、危险性分析 The pipe explosion hazard analysis of urban water supply network based on GIS Abstract Urban water supply network as one of city lifeline systems, plays an irreplaceable role in the normal functioning of the city and peoples daily life. In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization and the expand of the scale of water system, water supply network becomes more complex, the length is growing and the laying way is also becoming more complex, then the pipe explosion accidents are frequent. In order to increase the reliability and early detect problems of the water supply network, it is necessary to analyze pipe network pipe explosion risk timely. With the continuous development of geographic information systems, GIS technology has a powerful spatial analysis capability, which provides an effective way for the risk analysis of pipeline network. In this paper，Based on GIS, a spatial database of urban water supply network is establishment, and the paper gives the idea of squib factors spatial analysis and risk analysis of the water supply network, which can provide guidance and advice for the emergency decision-making and scientific management. Key words: water supply network, GIS, database, spatial analysis, risk analysis. 引言 供水系统是城市不可缺少的重要基础设施之一，是向城市居民和企业供水的复杂和多元化的一套工程系统，维持着城市的正常运转。供水管网作为其神经网络，其任务就是把水安全、及时地输送到各用户，一旦供水管网出现事故，将会影响整个供水系统的正常运行，影响用户的正常要求。随着城市化进程的加快和供水规模的不断扩大，供水管网的分布日趋复杂庞大，其铺设长度也不断增加。近些年来，由于管网自身系统的复杂性，加上埋设年代较久，老化问题严重，周围环境因素的影响等等，使供水管网事故频发，特别是爆管问题凸显，根据184个城市的不完全统计,2000至2003年因爆管停水的事故达13.7万次[1]，这不仅造成水资源的浪费，增加灾害，增加水设施的维护成本，更会造成停水，影响居民的正常要求和生活水平。为了保证城市的正常运