3.5-3._spatial filtering(Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain).pptVIP

Chapter 3-5  Image enhancement Approaches in Spatial Domain Gray-level transformations ------- Neighborhood = 1x1 pixel 2. Spatial filtering ------- Neighborhood is bigger than 1x1 pixel Image enhancement Approaches in Spatial Domain Gray-scale transformations Some Basic Gray Level Transformations Histogram Processing Enhancement using arithmetic operations Spatial filtering smoothing Spatial filtering sharpening Spatial filtering 1.Principle of Spatial filtering Principle of Linear Spatial filtering The response is given by a sum of products of the filter coefficients and the corresponding image pixels in the area spanned by the filter mask. Linear Spatial filtering Linear Filtering of an image f with size M N ,filter mask with size m n is given by the expression Example : Linear filtering Mask response Principle of Nonlinear Spatial filtering O perator on neighborhoods and the mechanics of sliding a mask past an image are the same , but the filtering operation is based conditionally on the values of the pixels in the neighborhood Nonlinear Spatial filtering 2.Operation Steps of Spatial filtering 1).Select a single pixel. 2).Determine the pixel’s neighborhood. 3).Apply a mask to the values of the pixels in the neighborhood. 4).Calculate mask response, then replacing the value of the center pixel with the mask response. 5).Repeat steps 1 through 4 for each pixel in the input image. 3. Classification of Spatial Filtering Sharpening Spatial filtering 3.5 Smoothing Spatial Filters Smoothing filtering are used for blurring and for noise reduction. Blurring is used in preprocessing steps, such as removal of small details from an image prior to (large) object extraction, and bridging of small gaps in lines or curves. 3.5 Smoothing Spatial Filters Approaches of Smoothing Spatial Filt