分光计的调整和使用学习课件.pptVIP

The adjustment and application of Spectrometer The lab. center of physics BUPT Introduction ?The basic spectrometer has a light source S illuminating a slit that acts as an object for lens C. This produces a parallel beam of light illuminating the prism P. After refraction by the prism, the light is focused by lens O on cross-hairs R. The eyepiece lens E is then used to examine the various images of the slit in the various colors present in the source. The cut is from Wm. S. Franklin and Barry MacNutt, (Bethlehem, PA, 1909) The basic structure of the spectrometer General words Collimator –producing a parallel rays Telescope-observing the parallel rays Turn-table—supporting a optical component Slit Eyepiece Locking Screw(锁紧螺钉) Graduated value scale (度盘) Vernier（游标） Cross-wires reticle Detail of spectrometer components The telescope The abbe oneself collimating eyepiece Cross opening, light, prism, cross wire reticle, locking screw, cross image The collimator: a slit, locking screw of the slit, convex lens, the adjusting hand wheel of the slit The graduated value scales The Vernier graduated value scales How to read measured value Principle of the reflection and refraction When a ray in a medium of index n1 meets the boundary with a medium of index n2. There are reflected and refracted ray and the angle of incidence, reflection and refraction are as shown. The three rays and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence are coplanar. The relations between the angles are given by Refraction by a prism Figure represents a ray passing through a prism of angle A between the two faces intersected by the ray, which lies in a plane perpendicular to the prism edge. The deviation ? of the ray is given by: The minimal deviation angle As ?i1 is varied it found that ? goes through a single minimum value (?m) which occurs when From Snell’s law, we find, for a prism of index n2 in a medium of index n1 Thus measurement of ? and ?m gives n2/n1, and for n1=1, so w