慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊治指南2016.pptVIP

* * * * * * The central role of inflammation in comorbidity is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inflammation appears to play a central role in the pathogenesis of COPD and other conditions that are increasingly being recognised as systemic inflammatory diseases. As part of the chronic inflammatory process, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-a receptor polymorphisms are associated with increased severity of disease, possibly due to enhanced TNF-a effects. Also, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels can be increased directly by TNF-a and other cytokines. Elevated CRP and fibrino