操作系统概_第六版_重点部分_中文答案 -.docVIP

1.1What are the three main purposes of an operating system? 1 To provide an environment for a computer user to execute programs on computer hardware in a convenient and ef?cient manner. 2 To allocate the separate resources of the computer as needed to solve the problem given. The allocation process should be as fair and ef?cient as possible. 3 As a control program it serves two major functions: (1) supervision of the execution of user programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer, and (2) manage- ment of the operation and control of I/O devices. 环境提供者，为计算机用户提供一个环境，使得能够在计算机硬件上方便、高效的执行程序 资源分配者，为解决问题按需分配计算机的资源，资源分配需尽可能公平、高效 控制程序监控用户程序的执行，防止出错和对计算机的不正当使用管理I/O设备的运行和控制 1.6 Define the essential properties of the following types of operating systems: a. Batch b. Interactive c. Time sharing d. Real time e. Network f. Distributed a. Batch. Jobs with similar needs are batched together and run through the computer as a group by an operator or automatic job sequencer. Performance is increased by attempting to keep CPU and I/O devices busy at all times through buffering, off-line operation, spooling, and multiprogramming. Batch is good for executing large jobs that need little interaction; it can be submitted and picked up later. b. Interactive. This system is composed of many short transactions where the results of the next transactionmay be unpredictable. Response time needs to be short (seconds) since the user submits and waits for the result. c. Time sharing.Thissystemsuses CPU scheduling and multiprogramming to provide economical interactive use of a system. The CPU switches rapidly from one user to another. Instead of having a job de?ned by spooled card images, each program readsits next control card from the terminal, and output is normally printed immediately to the screen. d. Real time. Often used in a dedicated application, this system reads information from sensors and must respond within a ?xed amount of time to ensure correct perfor- mance. e. Networ