2016Theapplicationofrelevancetheory.pptVIP

The application of relevance theory 关联理论与句式风格 语言交际是说话人示意 ,听话人推理的过程。语言交际的方式不外乎两种即口头与书面。书面的语言交际是作者和读者之间互相交流的过程 ,它也是作者示意和读者推理的过程。作者示意的方式多种多样 ,句式便是其中的一种。 Sperber 和 Wilson (1986 ,pp217 - 218)认为每一个作家都希望他的作品能让读者以较小的处理努力获得足够的语境效果 ,为此他必须对听话人的语境资源 ( contextual resources)和处理能力作出判断与推测 ,而这样的推测必然反映在作家传达信息的方式上。 Sperber Wilson举了下面的例句加以说明: (a) Only amateurs can compete in the Olympics. (b) The Olympic Games is an international sporting competition held every four years. Only amateurs can compete. (c) The Olympic Games is an international sporting competition held every four years. Only amateurs - that is ,people who receive no payment for their sporting activities – can compete in the Olympic Games. Professionals—that is ,people who receive some payment for their sporting activities— are not allowed to compete in the Olympic Games. 例如 ,简· 奥斯丁在小说 《傲慢与偏见》 中描写班纳特太太时 ,就用了简短句式:“My dear , dear Lydia !” She cried , “This is delightful indeed ! —she married ! —I shall see her again ! —She will be married at sixteen ! —My good ,kind brother knew it would be. —I know she would manage everything. How I long to see her ! And to see dear Wickham too ! But the clothes , the wedding clothes ! I will write to my sister Gardiner about them directly. Lizzy, my dear ,run down to your father, and ask him how much he will give her . Stay ,stay , I will go myself . Ring the bell ,Kitty ,for Hill . I will put on my things in a moment . My dear , dear , Lydia - - How merry we shall be together when we meet ! She was a woman of mean understanding ,little information , and uncertain temper . When she was discontented she fancied herself nervous. 班纳特太太孤陋寡闻 ,性情不稳 ,喜怒无常;头脑简单 ,知识贫乏。 在 Thomas de Quincey 的文章 Dream中,作者利用词组堆积的方式来描写梦境:Then came sudden alarms , hurrying to and fro; trepidations of innumerable fugitives I knew not whether from the good cause or the bad ; darkness and lights ; tempest and human faces; and at last ,with the sense that all was lost ,female f