2014年5月11日托福阅读真题..docxVIP

2014年5月11日托福阅读真题智课网整理机经词汇：pertinent=relevantaccrodingly=correspondinglyenormousl=hugecluter=groupinevitable=certainsimultaneously=at the same timesubdue=defeatjustify=?coincide with=?presumable=?第一篇：版本1:文章先讲太阳系里的东西都有相同的起源。先是说所有的东西是在一起的，然后说地球由于地表的水、火山活动和一个什么过程使得地球连最古老的石头都没有了。所以只能测定月球的陨石的成分了，结论是月球的表面和陨石的时间都是46亿年。因为月球表面没有地球的这些活动，所以可以测定。后面又说宇宙的星系都在不断地拉开距离，通过星系的红移可以确定距离还有速度，发现宇宙一直在膨胀。发现宇宙在137亿年前是一个点。然后就有了宇宙大爆炸。版本2： 讲地球和宇宙年龄的测量。先说太阳系大部分物质是同一时间形成的，然后说地球年龄难是因为谁腐蚀。接着引入一种物质，可以通过同位素测年龄。结果是和月球上的最古老的石头近似。然后说宇宙在膨胀，大爆炸。通过红移测年龄。版本3： 天文类， 某种地球上的物质和月球上最古老的物质证明他。都始于自4.6million年前，于是证明太阳系的年龄是4.6 Million years. 另外还有种通过判断各星球一种wavelength的大小推断出他们在多少年前都是从个spot发展出来，于是判断了big bang的时间。词汇：origin 起源meteorite 陨石galaxy 星系expansion 膨胀red shift 红移wavelength 波长解析：天文主题文章的词汇专业性较强，需要提前对相关专题的TPO文章的生词熟悉，尽量减少生词恐惧带来的内耗。另外，出现天文理论的文章，结构通常都会比较清晰，但要着重识别对理论内容的态度倾向。相关背景：a.Big BangThe Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the early development of the universe. According to the theory, the Big Bang occurred approximately 13.82 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the universe. At this time, the universe was in an extremely hot and dense state and was expanding rapidly. After the initial expansion, the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Though simple atomic nuclei formed within the first three minutes after the Big Bang, thousands of years passed before the first electrically neutral atoms formed. The majority of atoms that were produced by the Big Bang are hydrogen, along with helium and traces of lithium. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars and galaxies, and the heavier elements were synthesized either within stars or during supernovae.b.Accelerating universeThe?accelerating universe?is the observation that the universe appears to be?expanding?at an increasing rate. In formal terms, this means that the?cosmic scale factor??has a positive?second