gcc编译过程,ELF文件,静态链接,进程内存.pptxVIP

Compile，Link and Memory20/01/2016wwOutlineOverview: The process of compile.ELF(Executable Linkable Format)Static LinkMemory: Stack, HeapThe process of complie : GCC编译过程Prepressinggcc -E test.c -o test.iHandle “#include” delete all “define” and expansion macros.delete all comment s“/**/” and “//”Handle precompilied directives. “#if ”,”#ifdef” etc.Add line number and file name etc. Keep “#pragma” for compliertest.c test.htest.iCompilation: gcc –S test.i –o test.sAssembly: gcc –c test.s –o test.oFrom *.i to *.o lexical?analysisarray[index] = ( index + 4 ) * ( 2 + 6 )TokenTypearrayidentifier[left bracketindexidentifier]right bracket =equal sign(left bracketindexidentifier+plus sign4number)right bracket*multiple sign(left bracket2number+plus sign6number)right bracketgrammatical?analysisarray[index] = ( index + 4 ) * ( 2 + 6 )Syntax Treesemantic?analysisarray[index] = ( index + 4 ) * ( 2 + 6 )Intermediate Code Source code optimizerarray[index] = ( index + 4 ) * ( 2 + 6 )Three-address Code Basic: x = y op z t1= 2+ 6t2=index+4t3=t2*t1Array[index] = t3After optimizert2=index+4t2=t2*8Array[index] = t2Code Generator Target code Optimizerarray[index] = ( index + 4 ) * ( 2 + 6 )Linker:gcc hello.o -o a.out ld -static ctr1.o ctri.o ctrbeginT.o hello.o -start- group -lgcc -lgcc_eh -lc-end-group ctrend.o ctrn.oAddress and Storage AllocationSymbol Resolution RelocationOutlineOverview: The process of compile.ELF(Executable Linkable Format)Static LinkMemory: Stack, HeapELF(Executable Linkable Format) What files are ELF file?Relocatable Object File (*.o)Executable File (a.out)Shared Library File(*.so, *.a)Core Dump File(generate when process terminated by unexpectedly)ELF File Header0x3380x34Section Header TableSection Header TableSlide Date0x540SectionsInt global_init_var=84;int global_uninit_var;void func1(int i){ printf(%d\n, i);}int main(void){ static intstatic_var = 85; static intstatic_var2; int a = 1; int b; func1(static_var+static_var2+a+b); return a;}simpl