3临床医学（第8版）食道癌.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * the pleural reflection no longer serves as the border between nodal stations 4 and 10, which are now defined by anatomic landmarks that are more reliably identified on imaging studies and at endoscopy and surgery. The supraclavicular and sternal notch lymph nodes which were not previously identified as a lymph node station separate from the intrathoracic nodes are now clearly described as level 1. * T4b 侵犯气管、椎体、大血管等 * T1 分为T1A 和T1B，T4分为T4A和T4B，pleura-peritoneum, pericardium, and diaphragm. T4BAorta, carotid vessels, azygos vei