语言学教程Chapter7Language,Culture,andSociety.pptVIP

Chapter seven language, culture, and society Discussions in this chapter 1.language and culture 2.language and society 3.language and cross-cultural communication 7.1.1how does language relate to culture? Language study conducted in the past Ever since the beginning of the eighteenth century, the linguistic inquiry of language has been either comparative and historical or structural and formalized in nature. Changes took place at the start of the 20th century----to study language anthropologically . Anthropological linguistics A branch of linguistics which studies the relationship between language and culture in a community, e.g. its tradition, beliefs, and family structure. 语言学的一个分支，研究一个社团的语言和文化之间的关系，如传统、信仰和家庭结构。 For example, anthropological linguists have studied the ways in which relationship within the family are expressed in different cultures (kinship terminology), and they have studied how people communicate with one another at certain social and cultural events, e.g. ceremonies, rituals, and meetings, and then related this to the overall structure of the particular community. 例如，人类语言学家对家庭成员关系在不同文化中的表达方式进行了研究，对于人们在某些社会文化活动，如庆典、仪式及会议中的交际方式，他们也作了研究，并将这些研究和特定社团的整体结构联系起来。 Some areas of anthropological linguistics are closely related to areas of sociolinguistics and the ethnography of communication. 人类语言学的某些领域与社会语言学和交际人种学有着紧密的联系。 Pioneers in Europe:(England) Malinowski, Firth. North America: (America ) Boas, Sapir, and Whorf. Work in England The meaning of a word greatly depended upon its occurrence in a given context, or rather, upon a real language situation in life. Wood: two interpretations 1. 2.canoe Speech act theory Language is a mode of action This view of language is the basis for the generation of the speech act theory. Contribution by Malinowski Paved the way for a cultural, rather, a contextual study of language use in Britain. His influence Under his anthropological view of language and being fully aware of the importance of the context in the study