小学阶段各语法要点(试卷版).docVIP

小学阶段语法要点 可数名词与不可数名词 1、可数名词： A、定冠词与不定冠词的用法： A1、不定冠词---a(n) （泛指单一、每一、任一）a girl, an active girl 单词第一个音是发元音，表示“一”时，用“an”表示： an apple an elephant an idea an old man an umbrella 注意“U”在单词中的发音： university a university uncle an uncle umbrella an umbrella A2、the （特指这/那……/这些/那些…… ） the boy the dogs the lake 用a/an或the填空： 1.Who’s ____boy? 2._____young lady is our principal. 3. Please pass me ______plate. 4. I live on ____ fifth floor. 5.Mary is _____ active girl. 6.Don’t read in _____ sun. 7.Do you like ____ piano by the table? B、可数名词的复数形式的规律： B1、一般情况下，直接加-s，如： cat-cats, bed-bedsB2、以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如： brush-brushes, watch-watchesB3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 也就是说元音字母+y结尾,直接加s：boy-boys toy-toys B4、以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives wife-wives leaf-leavesB5、不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice， child-children foot-feet, tooth-teeth goose-geese fish-fish, people-people, sheep--sheep deer-deer There ________ many sheep on the farm.（并不是说sheep没有数量，它是单复数同形） B6、人称代词的单复数对比: 人称 类别 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 人称代词主格 单数 I you he she it 复数 we you they 人称代词宾格 单数 me you him her it 复数 us you them 形容词性 物主代词 单数 my your his her its 复数 our your their 名词性 物主代词 单数 mine yours his hers its 复数 ours yours theirs B7、指示代词：this-these that-those 写出下列单词的单数或复数形式： me- mine— ours- him- they- her- this- those- it- 写出单数句或复数句： 1.Her teacher is over there. 2.They have some interesting story book. 3.That book is mine. C、名词的所有格： C1、对比：Zhang Peng’s bike Zhang Peng and Mike’s bike Zhang Peng’s and Mike’s bikes the teacher’s bike the teachers’bikes C2、用“of”表达的所有关系 a picture of my room the name of the school a friend of mine 2、不可数名词 A、不可数名词：water juice milk coffee coke snow rain ice rice honey meat beef motton pork tofu eggplant chicken fish bread