marin pollution海洋污染 英文版.docVIP

This essay concentrates on five major causes of marine pollution, which are the discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater, waste oil, plastics, heavy metals and aquaculture. The proposed solution to this problem will be prevention and pollution treatment, and eventually, the former one proves to be more effective. Firstly, this essay will present and explain the major causes and effects of marine pollution. Then, different solutions will be suggested in the second part. The final part will evaluate the effectiveness of these solutions and show that prevention may be more successful. The first main cause of the marine pollution is the discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater. Since both the cities and industrial estates are crowded with lots of people, there is more sewage flowing into rivers and then into oceans. Therefore, the quality of seawater gets worse and oxygen content decreases rapidly. Without oxygen, fish living under the sea can not survive. Because of the nutrients in the sewage, seaweed may grow well firstly and eventually die when running out of food. So the wastewater will finally destroy ecological balance for the reason of the discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater. Then waste oil is another significant cause of marine pollution. After leaking from ships, or spilling in accidents, or flowing out of factories, waste oil enters oceans. The total amount of waste oil is surprisingly great. Then the waste oil floats on the water and drifts with winds for it is lighter than water. Several elements in the waste oil are harmful to the living of creatures, especially to the living of seabirds. The oil sticks to the wings of seabirds so they can not fly and die on the sea one after another. It is also poisonous for fish and sea plants. So it is obvious that waste oil may let many creatures to run into danger of dying out. The third major cause of marine pollution is plastics. Plastics are the main solid pollutants and people treat the o