基于单片机计的直流电机论文.doc

摘 要 电机在各行各业发挥着重要的作用,而电机转速是电机重要的性能指标之一,因而测量电机的转速和电机的调速,使它满足人们的各种需要,更显得重要随着科技的发展,PWM调速成为电机调速的新方式89C52RC和L298控制的直流电机脉宽调制调速系统。利用STC89C52RC芯片进行低成本直流电动机控制系统的设计，能够简化系统构成、降低系统成本、增强系统性能、满足更多应用场合的需要。系统实现对电机的正转、反转、急停、加速、减速的控制，以及PWM的占空比在LCD上的显示。 关键词 : STC89C52RC、直流电机、L298、PWM调速 Abstract Motors play important roles in all walks of life and the rotation speed of motors is one of the vatal performance indexs.In addition,it is more important to meet people’s demands by testing the rotation speed and the speed governing of motors.What’s more ,with the development of science,a new way of speed governing turned up which called PWM. With the rapid development of digital technology, micro-controller in all areas of society have been widely used.Because digital system has many advantages which analog system does not have,such as strong anti-interference, simple interface with the PC, easy upgrade and maintenance for system. This project is a speed governing system of the pulse width of DC motor controlled by microcontroller STC89C52RC and L298.Making the use of the chip of STC89C52RC ,I design a controlling system of DC motor of low cost.It can simplify the system structure reduce system cost,strengthen system performance and meet more needs from more applications.And the system can control the corotation,reversal,scraming,accelerating and slowdown of motors and display the duty ratio of PWM on LCD in real time. Key Words: STC89C52RC DC Motor L298 PMW Speed Automatic 1 绪论 1.1直流电机的发展 直流电动机在冶金、矿山、化工、交通、机械、纺织、航空等领域中已经得到广泛的应用。而以往直流电动机的控制只是简单的控制，很难进行调速，不能实现智能化。如今，直流电动机的调速控制已经离不开单片机的支持，单片机应用技术的飞速发展促进了自动控制技术的发展，使人类社会步入了自动化时代，单片机应用技术与其他学科领域交叉融合，促进了学科发展和专业更新，引发了新兴交叉学科与技术的不断涌现。现代科学技术的飞速发展，改变了世界，也改变了人类的生活。由于单片机的体积小、重量轻、功能强、抗干扰能力强、控制灵活、应用方便、价格低廉等特点，计算机性能的不断提高，单片机的应用也更加广泛特别是在各种领域的控制、自动化等方面。直流电机，根据直流电机的用途可分为以下几种：直流发电机将机械能转化为直流电能直流电动机将直流电能转化为机械能直流测速发电机将机械信号转换为电信号直流伺服电机将控制信号转换为机械信号。磁极N、S间装着一个可以转动的铁磁圆柱体，圆柱体的表面上固定着一个线圈abcd。当线圈中电流时，线圈受到电磁力，根据左手定则当线圈中电流圈圈DSP (DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR即数字信