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The feature of DT(直接思维的特征） 1 常有引号引出思考的内容 2 有意识的思考 3 语言形式与戏剧中独白的语言形式相同 4 常常用来表达人物与自己或他人的、想象中的对话 DT has the same linguistic form as the soliloquy in drama, which id notoriously ambiguous as to whether the character involved is thinking aloud or talking to the audience. In the novel there is no audience to talk to , and so thought presentation must be the sole purpose of DT. However ,DT is quite often used to represent imaginary conversation which characters have with themselves or others , which is presumably why it so often has the flavour of conscious thinking. Some examples 1.“He will be late,” she thought . 直接思维 DT 2.Dickens 作品《老古玩店》 “I ’m dreaming,” thought Richard, “that’s clear. When I went to bed, my hands were not made of egg shells; and now I can almost see through’em. If this is not a dream, I have woke up by mistake in an Arabian Night, instead of a London one. But I have no doubt I’m asleep. Not the least.” The feature of IT 间接思维的特征 1.不会引用引号引出思考的内容 2. 某种程度上是一种转述，一般有两种人称或以上 EX~ She thought that he would be late. 间接思维，IT 直接思维与间接思维的联系the relationship between DTIT “She is on the way home.” ,he thought. (DT) “He is right,” ，she thought. (DT ) Examples from novels 小说中的例子 简：“你难道认为，我会留下来甘愿做一个对你来说无足轻重的人？你以为我是一架机器？——一架没有感情的机器？能够容忍别人把一口面包从我嘴里抢走，把一滴生命之水从我杯子里泼掉？难道就因为我一贫如洗、默默无闻、长相平庸、个子瘦小，就没有灵魂，没有心肠了？——你不是想错了吗？——我的心灵跟你一样丰富，我的心胸跟你一样充实！要是上帝赐予我一点姿色和充足的财富，我会使你同我现在一样难分难舍，我不是根据习俗、常规，甚至也不是血肉之躯同你说话，而是我的灵魂同你的灵魂在对话，就仿佛我们两人穿过坟墓，站在上帝脚下，彼此平等——本来就如此！” 《茶花女》 我的心，不习惯幸福。也许，活在你心里更好，在你心里，世界就  看不到我了 ．“或许我还活在你的心中，是最好的地方，在那里别人是看不见的，没有人能鄙视我们的爱情。” FIT 自由间接思维 We can show by “translating” them first into “IT”, and then into DT我们可以通过把它们先翻译成IT，再翻译成DT来说明其混合特征 1）The Colonel thought that it was a provocation that while he was on his deathbed , preparing for oblivion , she was reading Parson Noah’s latest pamphlet. (IT) 2) “It is a provocation , that’s what it is,” thought the Colonel. “I’m on my deathbed, preparing for oblivi