Chaptr 3 Word Formation.docVIP

Chapter 3 Word Formation Affixation Compounding Conversion Blending Clipping Acronymy Back-formation Onomatopoeia / sound reduplication 3.1 Affixation / derivation (词缀法/派生法) The formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to bases. Words thus created are derivatives (派生词). According to the positions affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subcategories: prefixation and suffixation. 3.1 Affixation/Derivation 1. Prefixation 1) Negative prefixes a- ‘not, without, opposite of’ as in amoral, asexual dis- ‘not, the converse of’ as in disobey, disorder, disloyal In- (il-, ir-, im-); non-; un- 3.1 Affixation/Derivation 1. Prefixation 2) pejorative prefixes mal- ‘bad, badly’ as in maltreat, malpractice mis- ‘wrongly, astray’ as in misinterpret, misspelling, misleading pseudo- ‘false, imitation’ as in pseudo-scientific, pseudonym 3.1 Affixation/Derivation 1. Prefixation 3) Prefixes of degree or size arch- ‘supreme, most’ as in archbishop hyper- ‘extreme’ as in hyperactive macro- ‘large’ as in macroeconomics micro- ‘very small’ as in microeconomics sur- ‘over and above’ as in surplus co-, extra-, mini-, out-, over-, sub-, super- 3.1 Affixation/Derivation 1. Prefixation 4) locative prefixes extra- ‘outside’ as in extra-curricular fore- ‘front part’ as in forearm, forehead inter- ‘between, among’ as in interpersonal intra- ‘within’ as in intraparty trans- ‘across’ as in transcontinental 3.1 Affixation/Derivation 1. Prefixation 5) Prefixes of number 3.1 Affixation/Derivation 1. Prefixation 6) conversion prefixes a- (V→Adj.) as in asleep, alive be- (N→vt.) as in befriend, befall, bewitch en- (N/Adj.→vt.) as in endanger, enrich 3.1 Affixation/Derivation 1. Prefixation 7) Miscellaneous prefixes neo- ‘new, revived’ as in neo-Nazi pan- ‘all, the whole of’ as in pan-European sino- ‘China’ as in Sino-Anglo proto- ‘first, original’ as in prototype vice- ‘deputy’ as in vice-chairman 3.1 Affixation/Derivation 2. Suffixation 1) Noun suffixes